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ACCESS
(GENERAL AND COMPUTER)
In general terms, access refers to the most efficient means for providing input
to a device. Devices vary considerably, and may include computers, communication
systems, power wheelchairs, environmental control systems, and so on. The two
methods for accessing devices are direct and indirect.
Direct access is the most efficient method for giving
input to a device. In this method, the user makes direct
contact with the system using his/her body or an extension
of the body. For example, a person who operates a communication
system using a head stick is accessing the system directly.
Likewise, a person who uses eye movements to simulate
mouse movements on the computer is also using direct
access.
Indirect access is a less efficient method for accessing
devices and typically requires the use of switches and
an interface system. Scanning is often utilized to enable
the user to make selections or give commands to a device.
For example, a person using switches to type on a computer
will typically have scanning software and an on-screen
keyboard. A box or circle will move across the keyboard
and highlight each letter. The user activates a switch
to select the correct letter when it is highlighted.
This method of access requires the user to visually or
auditorally attend as the keyboard is scanned, and then
make selections at the appropriate time. Although indirect
access is more inefficient, it may be the only successful
method of access for some users, especially those with
significant physical limitations.
When assessing the
individual’s ability to access
a device, a variety of tools are available to meet the
needs of various individuals whether they have physical,
cognitive, or sensory limitations.
Below is a collection of articles, handouts/forms, and
useful links related to the area of access (general and
computer).
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